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Charles Emile Reynaud - Praxinoscope

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Charles Emile Reynaud  Charles-Émile Reynaud  (8 December 1844 – 9 January 1918) was a French inventor, responsible for the  praxinoscope  (an animation device patented in 1877 that improved on the  zoetrope ) and the first projected animated  films . His  Pantomimes Lumineuses  premiered on 28 October 1892 in Paris. His  Théâtre Optique  film system, patented in 1888, is also notable as the first known instance of  film perforations  being used. The performances predated  Auguste and Louis Lumière 's first paid public screening of the  cinematographe  on 26 December 1895, often seen as the birth of cinema. Charles-Émile Reynaud was born on 8 December 1844 in Montreuil-sous-Bois (now a suburb of Paris). His father Benoît-Claude-Brutus Reynaud was an engineer and medal engraver originally from  Le Puy-en-Velay  and his mother Marie-Caroline Bellanger had been a school teacher, but stayed at ho...
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Praxinoscope

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Praxinoscope What is a Praxinoscope? The  praxinoscope  was an  animation  device, the successor to the  zoetrop e.  The Praxinoscope is a typical optical toy from the 19th century.  A Praxinoscope has mirrors in the middle with frames at the side that’s been placed inside a shallow outer cylinder, to see the movement of the animation you have to spin it and look at the mirrors. The number of mirrors are actually equal to the number of pictures so the images of pictures are viewed in the mirrors. The reflected pictures gives an illusion of moving pictures, when the outer cylinder rotates. Below shows how the mirror is placed. How does it work? It consists of a  cylinder and a strip of paper showing twelve frames for animation. As the cylinder  rotates, stationary mirrors in the centre reveal a ‘single image’ in motion. Who invented it and when? The Praxinoscope was invented in 1876 by Charles-Émile Reynaud ...
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Jan Švankmajer

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Jan Švankmajer is a filmmaker and artist recognised for his surreal animations, he was born on the 4 th of September 1934 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He has inspired many of today’s stop-motion animators, including Tim Burton and The Brother Quay. Jan is known for his dark reimagining of well-known fairy tales and for his avant-garde usage of three-dimensional stop-motion coupled with live-action animation. Several critics hailed him for favouring visual elements over plot and narrative, other for his use of dark fantasy.  He has achieved his reputation over the years for his creepy and surreal films, utilizing distinctive stop-motion technique, counting (Pixilation and Claymation). Jan still remains to produce stop-motion films today. Jan tends to project a moral within his stop-motion animations, the animation per say usually makes no sense, however, when watching it closely it emits a deeper meaning in it, and that is the purpose of surrealism. Jan’s stop-motion fi...
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